Buffalo Nickel (1913-1938)

The Buffalo Nickel, also called the Indian Head nickel, was struck from 1913 to 1938 and shows a Native American portrait and an American bison.
Buffalo Nickel (1913-1938)

Obverse (Front) Design

A right-facing portrait of a Native American man, with LIBERTY and the date.
Buffalo Nickel (1913-1938)

Reverse (Back) Design

An American bison standing on a mound, with UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, E PLURIBUS UNUM and FIVE CENTS.
Buffalo Nickel (1913-1938) rev

Coin Specifications

Date Range

1913–1938

Denomination

5 Cents (Nickel)

Designer / Engraver

James Earle Fraser

Mints

Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco

Composition

75% copper, 25% nickel

Precious Metal Content

—

Weight

5 g

Diameter

21.2 mm

Edge

Plain

Mintage

—

History & Background

The Buffalo Nickel was designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser and replaced the Liberty Head nickel in 1913. Fraser said the portrait was a composite of several Native American men he had met. The reverse shows an American bison.

The first design, known as Type 1, had the bison on a raised mound with the denomination below it. It was changed within the first year to Type 2, with a flat ground line, because the denomination wore off too quickly.

The date on the coin was also raised and wore away quickly. Well-struck coins with clear dates are harder to find. Some well-known varieties include the 1937-D three-legged buffalo and the 1918/7-D overdate.

Collecting Tips

  • Check that the date is fully visible; coins with worn-off dates are worth much less.
  • Learn the key varieties, such as the 1937-D three-legged buffalo.
  • Be cautious with expensive varieties, since altered coins are common.

Photographs by Grade

Frequently Asked Questions about the Buffalo Nickel (1913-1938)

Why is it called a Buffalo Nickel?

The reverse shows an American bison, often called a buffalo.

What is the three-legged buffalo?

A famous 1937-D variety where one of the buffalo's legs is missing because of a die polishing error.

Is the Buffalo Nickel silver?

No. It is 75% copper and 25% nickel.

More Nickels

  • Jefferson Nickel (1938 to Date)

    1938 to date · 5 Cents (Nickel) · 75% copper, 25% nickel (1942–1945 wartime issue: 56% copper, 35% silver, 9% manganese)

    The Jefferson Nickel, introduced in 1938, shows Thomas Jefferson and his home Monticello. Wartime issues from 1942 to 1945 contain 35% silver.

See all Nickels →

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